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Nanoparticles are materials that have been reduced to an extremely small size, specifically within the nanoscale range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). To illustrate just how small this is, it would take approximately 800 particles at 100 nm each to match the width of a single human hair. These nanoscale particles, also referred to as nanomaterials, often behave very differently from their larger-scale counterparts due to their increased surface area, enhanced reactivity, and other quantum-level effects. While regulatory bodies such as the European Commission and the FDA define nanoparticles strictly within the 1–100 nm range, some scientific and industrial communities broaden this definition to include particles up to 2,500 nm when they display nanoscale characteristics.

Nanoparticles are increasingly being used across many industries, including food, cosmetics, medicine, and consumer products. Functionality, or aesthetic appeal are the reasons for their use, the widespread incorporation of nanoparticles in these sectors suggests that their enhanced chemical and physical properties at the nanoscale provide significant functional benefits. These benefits likely include improved performance, product stability, and visual or tactile appeal—driving their popularity despite emerging health and environmental concerns.

There are serious toxicological concerns surrounding nano-particles in consumer products including potential genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and photo-induced toxicity. Both materials were found to have insufficient or flawed testing data, with no studies submitted on systemic absorption or long-term health effects. Regulatory guidelines from SCCS were not followed, and many applicants relied on irrelevant industrial standards or unsupported safety claims. Critical data was missing in every health category, including toxicokinetics, human exposure, and safety margins. This lack of compliance, combined with misleading or incomplete manufacturer claims, highlights significant regulatory gaps and a troubling lack of transparency in assessing the safety of these nanomaterials.


Nanoparticles


The following is a list of nano-partcles considered:

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)

Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)

Silver (Ag) and Colloidal Silver (Ag) 

Copper (nano) and Colloidal Copper (nano)

Gold (nano) and Colloidal Gold (nano)

Gold Thioethylamino Hyaluronic Acid (nano)

Acetyl heptapeptide-9 Colloidal gold (nano)

Hydroxyapatite (nano)

Platinum (nano)

Colloidal Platinum (nano)

Acetyl tetrapeptide-17 Colloidal Platinum (nano)

Silica

Hydrated Silica

Silica Surface Modified with Alkyl Silylates (nano)

Styrene/Acrylates copolymer (nano)

Sodium styrene/Acrylates copolymer (nano)